diff --git a/docs/adr/0029-column-constraints.md b/docs/adr/0029-column-constraints.md
index 1814c1a..062a34e 100644
--- a/docs/adr/0029-column-constraints.md
+++ b/docs/adr/0029-column-constraints.md
@@ -365,10 +365,13 @@ The friendly-error layer (ADR-0019) already enriches `NOT
 NULL` and `UNIQUE` violations from `insert` / `update`. Two
 additions:
 
-- **`CHECK` violation** — SQLite reports `CHECK constraint
-  failed`; a new catalog entry renders it as "the value for
-  `<col>` breaks the rule `<check-expr>`", with the offending
-  value and the DSL-form expression.
+- **`CHECK` violation** — the engine reports `CHECK constraint
+  failed: <col>`. The runtime enrichment resolves the column,
+  the offending value, and the column's `CHECK` expression; the
+  catalog entry renders "the value `<v>` breaks the rule
+  `<check-expr>`". The rule is shown in its **compiled-SQL
+  form** (§7) — the same form stored and displayed everywhere,
+  since deviation §7 removed the DSL-text representation.
 - **The §5 / §6 refusals** — populated-column dry-run
   failures, the `not null` / `unique` / `serial+default`
   rejections — are all friendly catalog strings, with the
diff --git a/docs/handoff/20260519-handoff-23.md b/docs/handoff/20260519-handoff-23.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c6bc88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/handoff/20260519-handoff-23.md
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# Session handoff — 2026-05-19 (23)
+
+Twenty-third handover. This session **finished ADR-0029** —
+column constraints (`NOT NULL` / `UNIQUE` / `CHECK` /
+`DEFAULT`). Commits 5–6, planned in full in handoff-22 §4, are
+implemented, tested and committed. **ADR-0029 is complete**;
+requirement `C3` (schema constraints) is now ticked in
+`docs/requirements.md`.
+
+## §1. State at handoff
+
+**Branch:** `main`. Working tree clean (after this docs
+commit). **3 commits** since handoff-22 (`102dff0`) — two
+feature commits plus this handoff — all local; push
+asynchronously, not blocking.
+
+```
+<this file>  docs: handoff 23 — ADR-0029 complete; tick C3
+5e97f6a constraints: CHECK-violation friendly error + typing-surface matrix (ADR-0029 §10)
+abce118 constraints: `add constraint` / `drop constraint` on existing columns (ADR-0029 §2.2)
+```
+
+**Tests:** **1240 passing, 0 failing, 1 ignored** (`cargo
+test`). The ignored test is the long-standing `` ```ignore ``
+doc-test in `src/friendly/mod.rs`. Typing-surface matrix:
+**188 cells** (was 174 — +14 for the constraint grammar).
+
+**Clippy:** clean (`cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D
+warnings`, nursery group).
+
+## §2. What ADR-0029 delivered (full picture)
+
+Commits 1–4 (handoff-22) landed the constraint *suffix* —
+`not null` / `unique` / `default <lit>` / `check (<expr>)`
+after a column's `(type)` group on `create table` and `add
+column`, the db-layer DDL/round-trip, and the §6 `add column`
+routing. This session added the rest:
+
+**Commit 5 (`abce118`) — `add constraint` / `drop constraint`.**
+The §2.2 surface for modifying an *existing* column's
+constraints:
+
+```
+add constraint not null   to <T>.<col>
+add constraint unique     to <T>.<col>
+add constraint default <literal> to <T>.<col>
+add constraint check ( <expr> )  to <T>.<col>
+drop constraint (not null | unique | default | check) from <T>.<col>
+```
+
+- **Grammar** (`src/dsl/grammar/ddl.rs`): `ADD_CONSTRAINT` /
+  `DROP_CONSTRAINT` join the `add` / `drop` `Choice`s,
+  discriminated by the `constraint` form word. `add
+  constraint` reuses the §2.1 `COLUMN_CONSTRAINT` Choice;
+  `drop constraint` uses a payload-free `DROP_CONSTRAINT_KIND`
+  Choice. `CONSTRAINT_TARGET` is the dotted `<T>.<col>`
+  (`table_name` / `column_name` roles — distinct from the
+  CHECK expression's `expr_column`, so the target column
+  never collides with an expression column).
+- **AST** (`src/dsl/command.rs`): `Command::AddConstraint` /
+  `DropConstraint`; `Constraint` (payload-carrying) /
+  `ConstraintKind` (payload-free) enums.
+- **Worker** (`src/db.rs`): `do_add_constraint` /
+  `do_drop_constraint` apply the change through the
+  rebuild-table primitive. `do_add_constraint` runs the §5
+  **dry-run first** — `dry_run_not_null` / `dry_run_unique` /
+  `dry_run_check` scan the existing rows and, on a violation,
+  refuse *before any write* with a pretty-printed table of
+  offending rows (the `db.diagnostic.add_*_summary` catalog
+  keys + `render_diagnostic_table`, mirroring
+  `do_change_column_type`). §9 redundant-on-PK declarations
+  and §6 `default` on a `serial` / `shortid` column are
+  friendly refusals.
+- Both return `TableDescription` → `CommandOutcome::Schema` →
+  the existing auto-show path (no new `AppEvent`).
+
+**Commit 6 (`5e97f6a`) — CHECK friendly error + matrix.**
+
+- **CHECK-violation friendly error (ADR §10).** The friendly
+  layer already had a `translate_check` + `error.check.*`
+  catalog entries (placeholder from an earlier session), but
+  nothing filled the column in. `enrich_dsl_failure`
+  (`src/runtime.rs`) gained a CHECK branch:
+  `enrich_check_violation` reads the column from the engine's
+  `CHECK constraint failed: <column>` message, then resolves
+  the table, the offending value, and the column's compiled
+  `CHECK` expression. `FailureContext` / `TranslateContext`
+  carry a new `check_rule` field; `translate_check` renders
+  "the value `<v>` breaks the rule `<rule>`" when the rule is
+  known, falling back to the plain hint otherwise.
+- **Typing-surface matrix.** New `tests/typing_surface/
+  constraints.rs` — 14 cells covering the create-table /
+  add-column constraint suffix and `add` / `drop constraint`.
+
+## §3. Decisions / deviations this session
+
+1. **`schema_to_ddl` UNIQUE bug fixed** (`abce118`). It
+   suppressed `UNIQUE` for *every* PK column. A *compound*-PK
+   member is **not** individually unique, so an explicit
+   `UNIQUE` on it must survive the rebuild. The condition is
+   now "suppress only for a *single-column* PK". Caught by the
+   `add_constraint_unique_on_compound_pk_member_is_allowed`
+   test. Pre-existing latent bug.
+2. **"Nothing to drop" is a friendly refusal** (`abce118`) —
+   `drop constraint` on a constraint the column never carried
+   refuses ("`T.col` has no UNIQUE constraint to drop")
+   instead of a silent no-op rebuild. This was *not* spelled
+   out in handoff-22 §4; it is consistent with ADR-0029 §9's
+   "clarity over permissiveness" and was an autonomous
+   call — flagged here and accepted by the user at commit
+   time.
+3. **CHECK friendly error went full ADR §10** (`5e97f6a`) —
+   the user chose, when asked, to surface the rule + offending
+   value rather than the minimal handoff-§4 scope. ADR §10's
+   prose said "DSL-form expression"; deviation §7 had removed
+   the DSL-text form, so §10 was updated to say the rule is
+   shown in its **compiled-SQL form** — consistent with §7/§8.
+
+## §4. Key reusable pieces (this session)
+
+- `src/db.rs`: `do_add_constraint` / `do_drop_constraint`;
+  `read_constraint_dry_run_rows` + `dry_run_not_null` /
+  `dry_run_unique` / `dry_run_check`; `render_constraint_
+  dry_run` and the `dry_run_id_*` helpers; `value_to_default_
+  sql` (factored out of `default_sql_literal`). `DryRunRow`
+  type alias.
+- `src/runtime.rs`: `enrich_check_violation`.
+- `src/friendly/`: `FailureContext.check_rule` /
+  `TranslateContext.check_rule`; `error.check.*.hint_with_rule`
+  catalog keys.
+- `Operation::AddConstraint` / `DropConstraint` in
+  `src/friendly/translate.rs`.
+
+## §5. What's next
+
+ADR-0029 closes requirement `C3`. No feature is in flight.
+Open clusters (prioritisation is a **user decision — ask**):
+
+- Snapshot / undo / replay `U`-series (designed in ADR-0006,
+  not yet implemented).
+- m:n convenience `C4`; modify-relationship `C3a` (drop+add
+  covers it today).
+- Project storage Iter 5–6: `export` / `import`, `--resume`,
+  persistent input history, migration-framework scaffold.
+- SQL handling in advanced mode (`sqlparser-rs`, its own ADR).
+- Friendly-error layer `H1` (the remaining SQL→English
+  sweep); strong syntax-help in parse errors `H1a`.
+- Session-log / Markdown export `V4`; ER diagram export `V3`.
+- CI workflow `TT5`; readline shortcuts `I1b`; multi-line
+  input `I1`; Tab completion polish `I3`.
+
+## §6. How to take over
+
+1. **Read this file**, then `CLAUDE.md` (working-style
+   rules), then `docs/requirements.md` (per-item progress —
+   `C3` now ticked).
+2. **Run `cargo test`** — 1240 passing, 0 failing, 1 ignored.
+3. **Run `cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings`** —
+   clean.
+4. Pick the next cluster *with the user* — §5 has no default.
+
+### Note on the typing-surface matrix
+
+`tests/typing_surface/` is **188 cells**. The matrix-snapshot
+discipline stands: a failing cell with *correct* new
+behaviour → update its snapshot; with *wrong* behaviour → the
+cell earned its keep. `cargo insta` is not installed —
+regenerate with `INSTA_UPDATE=always cargo test --test
+typing_surface_matrix <filter>` and review the written
+`.snap` files before committing.
diff --git a/docs/requirements.md b/docs/requirements.md
index 04db234..7ec4c96 100644
--- a/docs/requirements.md
+++ b/docs/requirements.md
@@ -146,17 +146,21 @@ handoff-14 cleanup; 449 after B2/C2.)
   refused with friendly messages (drop the relationship
   first); SQLite STRICT enforces type compatibility on the
   data copy during a type change.
-- [ ] **C3** Schema constraints: primary key (single and
+- [x] **C3** Schema constraints: primary key (single and
   compound), foreign key with `ON DELETE` / `ON UPDATE` referential
   actions, indexes, `NOT NULL`, `UNIQUE`, `CHECK`, `DEFAULT`.
-  *(Progress: PK including compound done at create-table time;
+  *(PK including compound done at create-table time;
   FK with `ON DELETE` / `ON UPDATE` actions done (ADR-0013) —
   declared via `add 1:n relationship`; symmetric outbound +
   inbound view in the structure renderer; type compatibility
   validated at declaration via `Type::fk_target_type()`.
   Indexes done (ADR-0025) — `add index` / `drop index`,
   rebuild-preserving, persisted in `project.yaml`.
-  `NOT NULL`, `UNIQUE`, `CHECK`, `DEFAULT` still pending.)*
+  `NOT NULL` / `UNIQUE` / `CHECK` / `DEFAULT` done (ADR-0029) —
+  a constraint suffix on `create table` / `add column`, plus
+  `add constraint` / `drop constraint` on existing columns;
+  populated-column additions are guarded by a pre-flight
+  dry-run that refuses with a table of offending rows.)*
 - [~] **C3a** Modify relationship: `modify relationship <name>
   [on delete <action>] [on update <action>]`. Users can achieve
   the same via drop + add today; one-step modify is a small