walker: expression WARNING diagnostics (ADR-0027 step C, folds ADR-0026 §7)

Type-mismatched comparisons and `= NULL` / `!= NULL` in a
WHERE expression now yield WARNING diagnostics — the command
still parses and runs (the ADR-0026 §7 permissive posture is
unchanged), but the validity indicator can flag it before
submission.

Computed post-walk from the built command's `Expr` against
the table's column types: a Compare / Between / In with a
column operand and a non-null literal whose type the column
cannot hold, or a Compare with `=` / `!=` against NULL. New
catalog keys `diagnostic.type_mismatch` / `diagnostic.eq_null`.

This is ADR-0026's deferred step 5, folded into ADR-0027's
diagnostics-severity model as the user requested.

src/dsl/walker/mod.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ pub mod highlight;
 pub mod lex_helpers;
 pub mod outcome;
 
-use crate::dsl::command::Command;
+use crate::dsl::command::{
+    Command, CompareOp, Expr, Operand, Predicate, RowFilter,
+};
 use crate::dsl::grammar;
 use crate::dsl::walker::context::WalkContext;
 use crate::dsl::walker::driver::{FailureKind, NodeWalkResult, walk_node};
@@ -421,6 +423,163 @@ fn schema_has_column(
         .is_some_and(|cols| cols.iter().any(|c| c.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(column)))
 }
 
+/// The WHERE expression of a filter command, if it has one.
+const fn command_where_expr(command: &Command) -> Option<&Expr> {
+    match command {
+        Command::Update {
+            filter: RowFilter::Where(expr),
+            ..
+        }
+        | Command::Delete {
+            filter: RowFilter::Where(expr),
+            ..
+        }
+        | Command::ShowData {
+            filter: Some(expr), ..
+        } => Some(expr),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// A coarse span covering the WHERE clause — from the `where`
+/// keyword to the end of input. The validity indicator reads
+/// only the severity; the span is for the (eventual)
+/// highlight overlay.
+fn where_clause_span(path: &MatchedPath, source_len: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
+    path.items
+        .iter()
+        .find(|i| matches!(&i.kind, outcome::MatchedKind::Word("where")))
+        .map_or((0, source_len), |w| (w.span.0, source_len))
+}
+
+/// WARNING diagnostics for a WHERE expression (ADR-0026 §7):
+/// a type-mismatched comparison, or `= NULL` / `!= NULL`.
+/// Both are valid and runnable — the warning is advisory.
+fn expr_warnings(
+    expr: &Expr,
+    columns: &[crate::completion::TableColumn],
+    span: (usize, usize),
+) -> Vec<outcome::Diagnostic> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    collect_expr_warnings(expr, columns, span, &mut out);
+    out
+}
+
+fn collect_expr_warnings(
+    expr: &Expr,
+    columns: &[crate::completion::TableColumn],
+    span: (usize, usize),
+    out: &mut Vec<outcome::Diagnostic>,
+) {
+    match expr {
+        Expr::Or(terms) | Expr::And(terms) => {
+            for term in terms {
+                collect_expr_warnings(term, columns, span, out);
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Not(inner) => collect_expr_warnings(inner, columns, span, out),
+        Expr::Predicate(predicate) => {
+            predicate_warnings(predicate, columns, span, out);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn predicate_warnings(
+    predicate: &Predicate,
+    columns: &[crate::completion::TableColumn],
+    span: (usize, usize),
+    out: &mut Vec<outcome::Diagnostic>,
+) {
+    use outcome::{Diagnostic, Severity};
+    let warn = |message: String| Diagnostic {
+        severity: Severity::Warning,
+        span,
+        message,
+    };
+    match predicate {
+        Predicate::Compare { left, op, right } => {
+            // `= NULL` / `!= NULL`: valid syntax that is never
+            // true — the user almost certainly means IS NULL.
+            if matches!(op, CompareOp::Eq | CompareOp::NotEq)
+                && (is_null_literal(left) || is_null_literal(right))
+            {
+                out.push(warn(crate::friendly::translate(
+                    "diagnostic.eq_null",
+                    &[],
+                )));
+            } else if let Some(message) =
+                pair_type_mismatch(left, right, columns)
+            {
+                out.push(warn(message));
+            }
+        }
+        Predicate::Between {
+            target, low, high, ..
+        } => {
+            for bound in [low, high] {
+                if let Some(message) =
+                    pair_type_mismatch(target, bound, columns)
+                {
+                    out.push(warn(message));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Predicate::In { target, items, .. } => {
+            for item in items {
+                if let Some(message) =
+                    pair_type_mismatch(target, item, columns)
+                {
+                    out.push(warn(message));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // `LIKE` is inherently a text-pattern test; flagging a
+        // non-text target is a future model extension.
+        // `IS [NOT] NULL` is the *correct* null test — never
+        // flagged.
+        Predicate::Like { .. } | Predicate::IsNull { .. } => {}
+    }
+}
+
+const fn is_null_literal(operand: &Operand) -> bool {
+    matches!(operand, Operand::Literal(crate::dsl::value::Value::Null))
+}
+
+/// If one operand is a known column and the other a non-null
+/// literal whose type the column cannot hold, the message for
+/// a type-mismatch WARNING; otherwise `None` (column-to-column,
+/// literal-to-literal, an unknown column — already an ERROR —
+/// or a compatible pair).
+fn pair_type_mismatch(
+    a: &Operand,
+    b: &Operand,
+    columns: &[crate::completion::TableColumn],
+) -> Option<String> {
+    let (column, literal) = match (a, b) {
+        (Operand::Column(c), Operand::Literal(v))
+        | (Operand::Literal(v), Operand::Column(c)) => (c, v),
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    // `null` fits any column; `= NULL` is flagged separately.
+    if matches!(literal, crate::dsl::value::Value::Null) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let ty = columns
+        .iter()
+        .find(|tc| tc.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(column))?
+        .user_type;
+    if literal.bind_for_column(column, ty).is_ok() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some(crate::friendly::translate(
+        "diagnostic.type_mismatch",
+        &[
+            ("column", column as &dyn std::fmt::Display),
+            ("type", &ty.keyword() as &dyn std::fmt::Display),
+        ],
+    ))
+}
+
 /// What the grammar would accept at the end of `source`
 /// (ADR-0024 §architecture, Phase F walker-driven completion).
 ///
@@ -698,11 +857,25 @@ pub fn walk<'a>(
     // Schema-existence diagnostics (ADR-0027 §2) layer on top
     // of a structurally-valid parse; a parse that already
     // failed gets its ERROR verdict from `outcome`.
-    let diagnostics = if matches!(final_outcome, WalkOutcome::Match { .. }) {
+    let mut diagnostics = if matches!(final_outcome, WalkOutcome::Match { .. }) {
         schema_existence_diagnostics(&path, ctx.schema)
     } else {
         Vec::new()
     };
+    // Expression WARNING diagnostics — type-mismatched
+    // comparisons and `= NULL` (ADR-0026 §7, surfaced through
+    // ADR-0027's model). Only a successfully-built command has
+    // a `where` expression to inspect.
+    if let Some(command) = &cmd
+        && let Some(expr) = command_where_expr(command)
+    {
+        let columns = ctx.current_table_columns.as_deref().unwrap_or(&[]);
+        diagnostics.extend(expr_warnings(
+            expr,
+            columns,
+            where_clause_span(&path, effective_source.len()),
+        ));
+    }
     let result = WalkResult {
         outcome: final_outcome,
         matched_path: path,
@@ -1451,6 +1624,61 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn input_verdict_type_mismatch_is_warning() {
+        // `Age` is int; comparing it with a text literal runs,
+        // but is flagged (ADR-0026 §7).
+        let schema =
+            schema_with("Customers", &[("id", Type::Int), ("Age", Type::Int)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            super::input_verdict(
+                "delete from Customers where Age = 'hello'",
+                Some(&schema),
+            ),
+            Some(super::Severity::Warning),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn input_verdict_eq_null_is_warning() {
+        let schema =
+            schema_with("Customers", &[("id", Type::Int), ("Name", Type::Text)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            super::input_verdict(
+                "delete from Customers where Name = null",
+                Some(&schema),
+            ),
+            Some(super::Severity::Warning),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn input_verdict_compatible_comparison_is_clean() {
+        let schema =
+            schema_with("Customers", &[("id", Type::Int), ("Name", Type::Text)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            super::input_verdict(
+                "delete from Customers where id = 5",
+                Some(&schema),
+            ),
+            None,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn input_verdict_error_outranks_warning() {
+        // An unknown column (ERROR) alongside `= NULL`
+        // (WARNING) — the indicator shows the higher severity.
+        let schema = schema_with("Customers", &[("id", Type::Int)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            super::input_verdict(
+                "delete from Customers where NoSuchCol = null",
+                Some(&schema),
+            ),
+            Some(super::Severity::Error),
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn walker_parses_insert_with_explicit_column_list() {
         assert_eq!(

src/friendly/keys.rs

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 /// `(key, expected_placeholders)`. Sorted by key for grep-ability.
 pub const KEYS_AND_PLACEHOLDERS: &[(&str, &[&str])] = &[
     // ---- Pre-submit diagnostics (ADR-0027) ----
+    ("diagnostic.eq_null", &[]),
+    ("diagnostic.type_mismatch", &["column", "type"]),
     ("diagnostic.unknown_column", &["name", "table"]),
     ("diagnostic.unknown_table", &["name"]),
     // ---- Already-exists collisions (anchor: "already exists") ----

src/friendly/strings/en-US.yaml

@@ -465,6 +465,10 @@ parse:
 diagnostic:
   unknown_table: "no such table: `{name}`"
   unknown_column: "no such column `{name}` on table `{table}`"
+  # WARNING-severity flags (ADR-0026 §7) — the command still
+  # runs, but the comparison is very likely not intended.
+  type_mismatch: "`{column}` is {type} — this comparison uses a value of a different type"
+  eq_null: "`= NULL` is never true — use `IS NULL` or `IS NOT NULL`"
 
 # ---- Project lifecycle event notes -----------------------------------
 project: