INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE + value model + auto-show, with polish
DSL data operations (ADR-0014): - insert into T [(cols)] values (vals); short form insert into T (vals) omits values keyword for friendlier syntax. - update T set ... where col=val | --all-rows; delete from T where col=val | --all-rows; show data T. - Value AST (Number/Text/Bool/Null) with per-column-type validation in the executor: int/real/decimal/bool/date/ datetime/shortid each accept a documented literal shape and produce friendly format errors naming the column. - INSERT short form fills non-auto-generated columns in schema order; auto-fills serial via SQLite and shortid via the new generator (T2). - `add column [to table] T: c (type)` -- `to table` now optional. Database: - insert/update/delete via prepared statements with bound rusqlite::types::Value parameters. - InsertResult/UpdateResult/DeleteResult: writes return rows_affected plus the affected row(s) only (not the whole table), so users see exactly what changed. - INSERT shows the just-inserted row via last_insert_rowid. - UPDATE captures matching rowids up-front and fetches them post-update -- works even if the UPDATE changed the WHERE column. - DELETE reports per-relationship cascade effects by row- count diffing inbound child tables; UPDATE-side cascades are not yet detected (would need value diffing). - query_data formats cells (booleans true/false, NULLs as None). FK error enrichment: - Now lists both outbound (INSERT/UPDATE relevance) and inbound (DELETE/UPDATE on parent relevance) FKs from the metadata, so RESTRICT errors point at the children blocking the delete. - RelationshipSelector has a proper Display impl -- "no such relationship" reads cleanly. Relationship display: - target_table for AddRelationship/DropRelationship now returns the parent (1-side); structure rendering after add/drop shows that side's "Referenced by:" entry, matching the `from <Parent>` direction of the command. - [ok] summary uses display_subject so relationship commands show both endpoints (`from P.col to C.col`) rather than a single misleading table name. - Auto-name format `<Parent>_<pcol>_to_<Child>_<ccol>` (matches the from..to direction). Output rendering and scrolling: - Wrap-aware scroll: renderer reports both visible-row count and total wrapped-row count to App; scroll math caps against actual displayable rows. Long lines wrap; the bottom line is always reachable; PageUp/PageDown work correctly even after paging past the buffer top. - Multi-line messages (FK error enrichment, cascade summary) split into single-line OutputLines at creation time so wrap/scroll math agree. Runtime / events: - New AppEvent variants for Insert/Update/Delete success carrying typed result structs; DslDataSucceeded reserved for show-data queries. Docs: - ADR-0014 covers data-op grammar, value model, --all-rows safety, auto-show. - requirements.md: C5 done, T2 done, V2 partial (basic data view), V5 partial (show data added). New entries: C5a complex WHERE expressions; H1 progress note for FK enrichment; H1a (strong syntax-help in parse errors). Tests: 200 passing (183 lib + 17 integration), 0 skipped. Includes parser, type-validation, DB write/read, FK-failure enrichment, cascade-delete propagation, focused-auto-show behaviour, scroll-cap invariants. Clippy clean with nursery enabled.
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# ADR-0014: Data operations, value literals, and the auto-show pattern
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## Status
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Accepted
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## Context
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Schema operations (ADRs 0002, 0005, 0011, 0013) gave us tables,
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columns, and relationships. Without INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE,
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foreign-key behaviour is observable but not demonstrable — a
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learner can't yet trigger a CASCADE or watch a constraint catch
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a bad write. C5 closes that gap.
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Several coupled questions:
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- **Value literals.** How does the user write `'2025-01-15'` for
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a date column versus `42` for an int column? What gets
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validated where?
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- **Safe defaults for destructive operations.** UPDATE and
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DELETE without WHERE are classic foot-guns.
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- **Auto-generation of `shortid`.** T2 commits to client-side
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generation at insert time, which now becomes load-bearing.
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- **FK error clarity.** SQLite reports `FOREIGN KEY constraint
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failed` with no detail; pedagogically that's nearly useless.
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- **Showing data back to the user.** Without a `SELECT`-like
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surface, the user has no way to see what changed.
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## Decision
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### Grammar
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```
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insert into <Table> [(<col>, <col>...)] values (<val>, <val>...)
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update <Table> set <col>=<val>[, <col>=<val>...] (where <col>=<val> | --all-rows)
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delete from <Table> (where <col>=<val> | --all-rows)
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show data <Table>
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```
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- **INSERT short form** (`insert into T values (...)`): values
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apply to non-auto-generated columns in schema declaration
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order. Serial columns are filled by SQLite; shortid columns
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are auto-generated by the executor.
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- **INSERT long form** (with explicit column list): user
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controls exactly which columns receive values; auto-generated
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columns the user didn't list are still auto-filled.
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- **WHERE clause** is required for UPDATE and DELETE by default.
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The `--all-rows` flag is the explicit opt-in to unfiltered
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operations, following ADR-0009 (`--` reserved for opt-in
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flags). Specifying both WHERE and `--all-rows` is a parse
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error.
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- **WHERE this iteration** is exactly `<col>=<val>`. Richer
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WHERE expressions (AND/OR/comparison/LIKE) are deferred — they
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are tracked as a future iteration and are intended as the
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bridge from DSL into real SQL fluency.
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- **`show data <Table>`** joins the V5 show-family (with
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`show table <Name>`); auto-show after writes (below) means
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most users won't need to call it explicitly.
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### Value literals
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The parser produces a small `Value` AST (`Number(String)`,
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`Text(String)`, `Bool(bool)`, `Null`). Per-column-type validation
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lives in the executor where the schema is known:
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| User-facing type | Accepted literal |
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|------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
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| `text` | single-quoted string `'hello'` (`''` escapes a quote) |
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| `int` | integer literal `42`, `-7` |
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| `real` | numeric literal `3.14`, `-0.5` |
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| `decimal` | numeric literal; stored as text to preserve precision |
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| `bool` | `true` / `false` |
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| `date` | quoted `'YYYY-MM-DD'` (validated) |
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| `datetime` | quoted `'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.fff][Z|±HH:MM]'` (validated) |
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| `blob` | DSL literal not supported this iteration |
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| `serial` | normally omitted (auto-fill); explicit integer accepted |
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| `shortid` | normally omitted (auto-generated); explicit base58 10–12 |
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| `null` | keyword `null` |
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Validation produces friendly errors that name the column and
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expected shape — e.g. "column `Name` expects a quoted string for
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`text`, got number".
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### Auto-generation for `shortid`
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When an INSERT (in either form) does not provide a value for a
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`shortid` column, the executor calls the shortid generator and
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fills in a 10-character base58 value (no `0`/`O`/`I`/`l`).
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Explicit values are accepted but validated against the same
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alphabet and length range (10–12 chars). The `rand` crate is
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the source of randomness.
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### FK error enrichment
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SQLite reports `FOREIGN KEY constraint failed` without naming
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the offending constraint or value. The executor catches this
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class of error and appends the table's outbound relationships
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(via the metadata table from ADR-0013) to the message:
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```
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FOREIGN KEY constraint failed. Foreign keys on this table:
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- Orders.CustId → Customers.id
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Check that each referenced value exists in the parent table.
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```
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Identifying the *exact* offending row is left to the H1 friendly
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error layer when that lands.
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### Auto-show after writes
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INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE successfully completing fetch the
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target table's full data and emit a `DslDataSucceeded` event
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carrying both `rows_affected: Some(n)` and the data view. The
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App renders both. Users see the result immediately without
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needing a follow-up `show data` command.
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`show data <Table>` follows the same path with
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`rows_affected: None`.
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The auto-show convention is reserved for DSL data ops. When
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advanced-mode SQL lands (Q1), arbitrary `SELECT` statements may
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opt out — large result sets shouldn't be implicitly inserted into
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the session log.
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### Tabular rendering
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The data view is rendered as simple aligned-column text:
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```
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id | Name | Email
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----+-----------+-----------------
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1 | Alice | a@b.com
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2 | Bob | (null)
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```
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Pretty box-drawing renderings (with truncation, scroll
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indicators, wide-table handling) are deferred to V4. NULL cells
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render as `(null)` to be explicitly visible; booleans render as
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`true`/`false` despite their integer storage.
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## Consequences
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- C5 is satisfied: INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operate end-to-end with
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validation, auto-generation, FK enforcement, and visible
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feedback.
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- T2 is satisfied: shortid auto-generation runs on insert.
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- V2 partial: a usable tabular data view exists, with the
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pretty-rendering iteration still ahead.
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- V5 partial: `show data` joins `show table` in the show family.
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- H1 partial: FK-failure messages are enriched without
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introducing the full friendly-error layer.
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- The `--all-rows` opt-in convention is now established for
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destructive-without-filter operations — future commands of the
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same shape (`drop relationship --cascade`?) follow the
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pattern.
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- The runtime's `CommandOutcome` enum is extended with a `Data`
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variant. New data-emitting commands plug in there without
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reshaping the dispatch.
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- Complex WHERE expressions (AND/OR/comparison/LIKE), bulk
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INSERT, ORDER BY, LIMIT, JOIN, and SELECT in advanced mode are
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explicitly out of scope for this iteration; richer DSL WHERE
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is the bridge iteration toward Q1's full SQL handling.
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## See also
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- ADR-0005 (column types — value-literal mappings here mirror
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the storage choices)
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- ADR-0009 (DSL command syntax conventions — `--` flag rule)
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- ADR-0011 (FK column type compatibility — used during the
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validation that runs before writes)
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- ADR-0013 (relationships and rebuild-table — the FK metadata
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used by the error-enrichment path)
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