feat: DSL→SQL teaching echo — §4 styled-runs polish (ADR-0038)

Lands the last open item on ADR-0038: the de-emphasised styled-runs
rendering treatment for the echo + every category-3 prose line. The
echoed SQL now reads as code — the dimmed `Executing SQL:` label
plus the SQL portion lexed and coloured the same way the input echo
treats user-typed input (ADR-0028 §5 styled-runs over
input_render::lex_to_runs in advanced mode). Category-3 prose lines
(the DontConvert caveat and the existing illuminating
`client_side.*` notes — shortid auto-fill, type-conversion
transforms) all render dimmed too, per §6's "de-emphasised prose
line" wording, so every cat-3 line is visually consistent.

* New `OutputKind::TeachingEcho` variant + a custom branch in
  `ui::render_output_line` mirroring the OutputKind::Echo input-echo
  path: strip the canonical `Executing SQL:` prefix, render it with
  `theme.muted`, then lex the rest in `Mode::Advanced` and emit one
  span per token. Tag stays `[system]` for visual consistency with
  other system output.
* New `OutputStyleClass::Hint` styled-runs class, resolved to
  `theme.muted` in `output_span_style`. Used for the cat-3 prose
  lines (dont_convert caveat + the existing client_side notes).
* New const `crate::echo::TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL = "Executing SQL: "` —
  the byte boundary the ui.rs branch needs is fixed (an i18n template
  can't provide that), so the label moves from i18n to a constant.
  The `echo.executing_sql` i18n key is retired (en-US.yaml + keys.rs);
  a comment in en-US.yaml points future locales at re-introducing it
  if needed.
* App-side helpers: `push_teaching_echo(sql)` builds the
  TeachingEcho line; `push_category_three_prose(text)` builds a
  System line with a whole-text Hint span. `note_ok_summary` and
  `handle_dsl_change_column_success` / `handle_dsl_add_column_success`
  use these instead of plain `note_system` for the echo, the caveat,
  and the illuminating notes.

Existing tests pass unchanged — text content is the same; only
styling changes. New tests pin the polish:

* `ui::tests::teaching_echo_line_renders_dim_prefix_and_lexed_sql`
  asserts the TeachingEcho rendering produces a dim prefix span +
  keyword-coloured SQL spans (confirming the lexer ran in advanced
  mode).
* `ui::tests::category_three_prose_line_renders_all_dim` pins the
  whole-text Hint coverage.
* `ui::tests::hint_class_resolves_to_muted_foreground` pins the
  theme resolution across both light and dark.
* `app::tests::polished_echo_carries_teaching_echo_kind_and_caveat_a_hint_span`
  pins the App-side wiring (kind + styled_runs shape).

Tests: 2019 passed / 0 failed / 1 ignored (pre-existing); clippy
clean (`--all-targets -D warnings`, nursery).

ADR-0038 is now feature-complete — every catalogue row implemented,
round-tripped, AND polished per §4.

src/app.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ pub enum OutputKind {
     Echo,
     System,
     Error,
+    /// The DSL → SQL teaching echo (ADR-0038 §4). Visually a `[system]`
+    /// line, but rendered with a custom path: a dimmed `Executing SQL:`
+    /// prefix followed by the SQL re-lexed through `input_render::
+    /// lex_to_runs_in_mode(Advanced)` — same syntax highlighting the
+    /// input echo gets, so the suggested SQL reads like code (ADR-0028
+    /// §5 styled-runs).
+    TeachingEcho,
 }
 
 /// The semantic style class of an [`OutputSpan`] (ADR-0028 §5).
@@ -49,6 +56,11 @@ pub enum OutputStyleClass {
     /// index because none existed; the strongest "add an index
     /// here" signal.
     AutomaticIndex,
+    /// De-emphasised text — `Executing SQL:` prefix on teaching
+    /// echo lines (ADR-0038 §4), the DontConvert caveat, and
+    /// every `[client-side]` category-3 prose note (ADR-0038 §6).
+    /// Resolves to `theme.muted`.
+    Hint,
 }
 
 /// A styled span of an output line: a byte range over the
@@ -1420,16 +1432,16 @@ impl App {
             verb = command.verb(),
             subject = command.display_subject()
         ));
-        // ADR-0038: the DSL → SQL teaching echo, beneath `[ok]`. Set on
-        // the success event when a DSL-form command ran in an advanced
-        // effective mode (ADR-0037); `None` otherwise. De-emphasised
-        // (styled-runs polish per ADR-0038 §4 still pending). One line
-        // per statement — single-statement echoes render one line;
-        // multi-statement (`drop column --cascade`, `add relationship
-        // --create-fk`) render one per entry (ADR-0038 §6 category 2).
+        // ADR-0038 §4: the DSL → SQL teaching echo, beneath `[ok]`.
+        // Set on the success event when a DSL-form command ran in an
+        // advanced effective mode (ADR-0037); `None` otherwise. One
+        // `OutputKind::TeachingEcho` line per statement (§6 category
+        // 2): the dimmed `Executing SQL:` prefix + the SQL portion
+        // re-lexed in advanced mode for syntax highlighting — see
+        // `ui::render_output_line`'s `TeachingEcho` branch.
         if let Some(lines) = self.pending_echo.take() {
             for line in lines {
-                self.note_system(crate::t!("echo.executing_sql", sql = line));
+                self.push_teaching_echo(&line);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1493,12 +1505,12 @@ impl App {
         result: AddColumnResult,
     ) {
         self.note_ok_summary(command);
-        // ADR-0018 §9: emit auto-fill note(s) before the
-        // structure render, so the pedagogical "the tool did
-        // this for you" line is in the user's eye-line next to
-        // the success summary.
+        // ADR-0018 §9 / ADR-0038 §6 category 3: emit auto-fill note(s)
+        // before the structure render so the pedagogical "the tool did
+        // this for you" line is in the user's eye-line next to the
+        // success summary. De-emphasised per §6 (illuminating prose).
         for note in result.client_side_notes {
-            self.note_system(note);
+            self.push_category_three_prose(note);
         }
         for line in crate::output_render::render_structure(&result.description) {
             self.note_system(line);
@@ -1541,6 +1553,9 @@ impl App {
             // When both transformations and auto-fills happen
             // in the same operation, both note lines are
             // emitted in order (ADR-0018 §9 explicit rule).
+            // ADR-0038 §6 category 3: both lines are illuminating prose
+            // (the SQL line is equivalent; the note merely reveals a
+            // value-add SQL doesn't show). De-emphasised.
             if note.transformed > 0 {
                 let line = if note.lossy > 0 {
                     crate::t!(
@@ -1554,7 +1569,7 @@ impl App {
                         count = note.transformed
                     )
                 };
-                self.note_system(line);
+                self.push_category_three_prose(line);
             }
             if note.auto_filled > 0 {
                 let kind = match note.auto_fill_kind {
@@ -1562,7 +1577,7 @@ impl App {
                     Some(crate::db::AutoFillKind::ShortId) => "shortid",
                     None => "auto-generated",
                 };
-                self.note_system(crate::t!(
+                self.push_category_three_prose(crate::t!(
                     "client_side.auto_fill_transition",
                     count = note.auto_filled,
                     kind = kind
@@ -1574,9 +1589,10 @@ impl App {
         // nearest SQL but *not* equivalent (the only Bucket A caveat —
         // every other category-3 line is illuminating). Sits between
         // the client-side notes and the structure render so it reads
-        // alongside the echo, not after the table view.
+        // alongside the echo, not after the table view. De-emphasised
+        // prose per §6.
         if dont_convert_caveat {
-            self.note_system(crate::t!("client_side.dont_convert_caveat"));
+            self.push_category_three_prose(crate::t!("client_side.dont_convert_caveat"));
         }
         for line in crate::output_render::render_structure(&result.description) {
             self.note_system(line);
@@ -2224,6 +2240,46 @@ impl App {
         self.push_multiline(text.into(), OutputKind::System);
     }
 
+    /// Push one teaching-echo line (ADR-0038 §4 styled-runs polish).
+    /// The text is `"<TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL><sql>"`; the `TeachingEcho`
+    /// kind triggers `ui::render_output_line`'s custom branch, which
+    /// renders the prefix dimmed (`theme.muted`) and lexes the SQL in
+    /// advanced mode for syntax highlighting — the same treatment the
+    /// input echo receives.
+    fn push_teaching_echo(&mut self, sql: &str) {
+        let text = format!("{}{sql}", crate::echo::TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL);
+        self.push_output(OutputLine {
+            text,
+            kind: OutputKind::TeachingEcho,
+            mode_at_submission: self.mode,
+            styled_runs: None,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Push one category-3 prose line (ADR-0038 §6) — the
+    /// `--dont-convert` caveat and the existing illuminating
+    /// `client_side.*` notes (shortid auto-fill, type-conversion
+    /// transforms). The whole line text is rendered dimmed
+    /// (`OutputStyleClass::Hint` → `theme.muted`); the `[system]`
+    /// tag keeps its kind styling. De-emphasised, per §6.
+    fn push_category_three_prose(&mut self, text: impl Into<String>) {
+        let text = text.into();
+        let runs = if text.is_empty() {
+            Vec::new()
+        } else {
+            vec![OutputSpan {
+                byte_range: (0, text.len()),
+                class: OutputStyleClass::Hint,
+            }]
+        };
+        self.push_output(OutputLine::styled(
+            text,
+            OutputKind::System,
+            self.mode,
+            runs,
+        ));
+    }
+
     fn note_error(&mut self, text: impl Into<String>) {
         self.push_multiline(text.into(), OutputKind::Error);
     }
@@ -3066,6 +3122,72 @@ mod tests {
         assert_echo_beneath_ok(&app, "ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c SET DATA TYPE text");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn polished_echo_carries_teaching_echo_kind_and_caveat_a_hint_span() {
+        // ADR-0038 §4 styled-runs polish: the App-side wiring places
+        // every echo line as an OutputKind::TeachingEcho (so
+        // `ui::render_output_line`'s custom branch fires — dim prefix
+        // + lexed SQL) and every category-3 prose line as a System
+        // line with a single Hint span covering the whole text (so
+        // the body renders dimmed via `output_span_style`).
+        use crate::db::ChangeColumnTypeResult;
+        let mut app = App::new();
+        app.update(AppEvent::DslChangeColumnSucceeded {
+            command: Command::ChangeColumnType {
+                table: "T".to_string(),
+                column: "c".to_string(),
+                ty: Type::Int,
+                mode: crate::dsl::ChangeColumnMode::DontConvert,
+            },
+            result: ChangeColumnTypeResult {
+                description: sample_description("T"),
+                client_side: None,
+            },
+            echo: Some(vec![
+                "ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c SET DATA TYPE int".to_string(),
+            ]),
+            dont_convert_caveat: true,
+        });
+
+        // The echo line is a TeachingEcho.
+        let echo_line = app
+            .output
+            .iter()
+            .find(|l| l.text.contains("Executing SQL:"))
+            .expect("an echo line");
+        assert_eq!(
+            echo_line.kind,
+            OutputKind::TeachingEcho,
+            "echo line carries TeachingEcho so ui.rs fires the dim-prefix + lex-rest branch",
+        );
+        // The echo line carries no styled_runs payload — the custom
+        // ui.rs branch builds its own spans from the kind alone.
+        assert!(
+            echo_line.styled_runs.is_none(),
+            "echo line uses kind-driven custom rendering, not styled-runs",
+        );
+
+        // The caveat is a System line with a single Hint span covering
+        // the whole text — the whole prose body renders dim.
+        let caveat_line = app
+            .output
+            .iter()
+            .find(|l| l.text.contains("`--dont-convert` kept the stored values"))
+            .expect("a caveat line");
+        assert_eq!(caveat_line.kind, OutputKind::System);
+        let runs = caveat_line
+            .styled_runs
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("caveat carries a styled-runs payload");
+        assert_eq!(runs.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(runs[0].class, OutputStyleClass::Hint);
+        assert_eq!(
+            runs[0].byte_range,
+            (0, caveat_line.text.len()),
+            "the dim span covers the entire prose body",
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn change_column_dont_convert_renders_the_caveat_between_notes_and_structure() {
         // ADR-0038 §6 category 3 (Phase 3): when `change column …

src/echo.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ use crate::dsl::command::{
 };
 use crate::dsl::value::Value;
 
+/// The dimmed `Executing SQL:` prefix on a teaching-echo line
+/// (ADR-0038 §4 styled-runs polish).
+///
+/// The App appends the SQL to this prefix when building a
+/// `OutputKind::TeachingEcho` line; `ui::render_output_line` strips
+/// it back off, renders the prefix dimmed (`theme.muted`), and lexes
+/// the rest in advanced mode for syntax highlighting — same treatment
+/// the input echo gets. The trailing space is part of the constant so
+/// the SQL position is predictable for the lexer's byte ranges.
+pub const TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL: &str = "Executing SQL: ";
+
 /// The teaching echo for a command submitted under `mode`, or `None`.
 ///
 /// Fires only in an advanced effective mode (`AdvancedPersistent` /

src/friendly/keys.rs

@@ -497,8 +497,6 @@ pub const KEYS_AND_PLACEHOLDERS: &[(&str, &[&str])] = &[
     ("ok.rows_inserted", &["count"]),
     ("ok.rows_updated", &["count"]),
     ("ok.summary", &["verb", "subject"]),
-    // ---- DSL → SQL teaching echo (ADR-0038) ----
-    ("echo.executing_sql", &["sql"]),
     // ---- Client-side success notes (ADR-0017 §6, ADR-0018 §9) ----
     ("client_side.auto_fill_add_serial", &["count"]),
     ("client_side.auto_fill_add_shortid", &["count"]),

src/friendly/strings/en-US.yaml

@@ -874,11 +874,13 @@ db:
       Cannot add this CHECK to `{table}.{column}`: {total} row(s) do not satisfy `{rule}`.
 
 # ---- DSL command success summaries (ADR-0019 §9 sweep) --------------
-# DSL → SQL teaching echo (ADR-0038): the equivalent advanced-mode SQL,
-# rendered beneath `[ok]` for a DSL-form command run in an advanced
-# effective mode (ADR-0037).
-echo:
-  executing_sql: "Executing SQL: {sql}"
+# (The DSL → SQL teaching echo's `Executing SQL:` prefix used to live
+# here as `echo.executing_sql`; with the ADR-0038 §4 styled-runs polish
+# the line is now built from a hardcoded constant in `crate::echo`
+# because the dim-prefix + lex-the-rest rendering path in
+# `ui::render_output_line` needs a fixed byte boundary the i18n
+# template couldn't provide. Re-introduce a key here if a non-English
+# locale lands.)
 
 ok:
   # Generic `[ok] <verb> <subject>` header used for every

src/ui.rs

@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ fn approximate_wrapped_rows_from_output(
                     Mode::Simple => "[simple] ".len(),
                     Mode::Advanced => "[advanced] ".len(),
                 },
-                OutputKind::System => "[system] ".len(),
+                OutputKind::System | OutputKind::TeachingEcho => "[system] ".len(),
                 OutputKind::Error => "[error]  ".len(),
             };
             let total = tag_len + line.text.chars().count();
@@ -625,6 +625,11 @@ const fn output_span_style(class: OutputStyleClass, theme: &Theme) -> Style {
         OutputStyleClass::AutomaticIndex => Style::new()
             .fg(theme.warning)
             .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+        // ADR-0038 §4 / §6: de-emphasised text — the `Executing SQL:`
+        // prefix and every category-3 prose line (caveat + the
+        // existing `client_side.*` notes). `theme.muted` is the
+        // established dim foreground.
+        OutputStyleClass::Hint => Style::new().fg(theme.muted),
     }
 }
 
@@ -635,7 +640,7 @@ fn render_output_line<'a>(line: &'a OutputLine, theme: &Theme) -> Line<'a> {
     };
     let tag = match line.kind {
         OutputKind::Echo => format!("[{}] ", line.mode_at_submission.label().to_lowercase()),
-        OutputKind::System => "[system] ".to_string(),
+        OutputKind::System | OutputKind::TeachingEcho => "[system] ".to_string(),
         OutputKind::Error => "[error]  ".to_string(),
     };
 
@@ -665,6 +670,34 @@ fn render_output_line<'a>(line: &'a OutputLine, theme: &Theme) -> Line<'a> {
     // Echo body without the expected prefix, or any non-echo
     // line, falls through to the plain rendering below.
 
+    // ADR-0038 §4 styled-runs polish — the DSL → SQL teaching echo
+    // gets the same syntactic treatment as the input echo, but with
+    // a dimmed `Executing SQL: ` prefix instead of the mode label,
+    // and the SQL portion lexed in `Mode::Advanced` (the echoed SQL
+    // is always advanced syntax, regardless of submission mode).
+    if line.kind == OutputKind::TeachingEcho
+        && let Some(rest) = line.text.strip_prefix(crate::echo::TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL)
+    {
+        let prefix_len = crate::echo::TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL.len();
+        let mut spans: Vec<Span<'a>> = Vec::with_capacity(2 + rest.len() / 4);
+        spans.push(Span::styled(tag, tag_style));
+        spans.push(Span::styled(
+            &line.text[..prefix_len],
+            Style::default().fg(theme.muted),
+        ));
+        for run in
+            crate::input_render::lex_to_runs_in_mode(rest, theme, Mode::Advanced)
+        {
+            spans.push(Span::styled(
+                &rest[run.byte_range.0..run.byte_range.1],
+                run.style,
+            ));
+        }
+        return Line::from(spans);
+    }
+    // A TeachingEcho line missing the canonical prefix is a builder
+    // bug; it falls through to the plain rendering below.
+
     // ADR-0028 §5: a line carrying a styled-runs payload is
     // rendered span-by-span, each run's semantic class resolved
     // to a colour from the active theme. The tag keeps its
@@ -685,7 +718,11 @@ fn render_output_line<'a>(line: &'a OutputLine, theme: &Theme) -> Line<'a> {
 
     let body_style = match line.kind {
         OutputKind::Echo => Style::default().fg(theme.fg),
-        OutputKind::System => Style::default().fg(theme.system),
+        // TeachingEcho without a prefix falls back to `system` styling
+        // — the kind itself only signals "render with the dim+lex
+        // custom path above"; reaching here means the builder produced
+        // a malformed line, so degrade gracefully rather than crash.
+        OutputKind::System | OutputKind::TeachingEcho => Style::default().fg(theme.system),
         OutputKind::Error => Style::default().fg(theme.error),
     };
     Line::from(vec![
@@ -1094,6 +1131,95 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(rendered.spans[2].style.fg, Some(theme.fg));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn hint_class_resolves_to_muted_foreground() {
+        // ADR-0038 §4 / §6: the dim style class used for the
+        // `Executing SQL:` prefix, the DontConvert caveat, and every
+        // category-3 prose note. Pins the `theme.muted` resolution
+        // across both palettes.
+        for theme in [Theme::dark(), Theme::light()] {
+            let style = output_span_style(OutputStyleClass::Hint, &theme);
+            assert_eq!(
+                style.fg,
+                Some(theme.muted),
+                "Hint must resolve to theme.muted on {:?} background",
+                theme.background,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn teaching_echo_line_renders_dim_prefix_and_lexed_sql() {
+        // ADR-0038 §4 styled-runs polish: a TeachingEcho line is laid
+        // out as [tag][dim prefix][lexed SQL spans]. The tag stays the
+        // mode tint; the `Executing SQL: ` prefix is `theme.muted`;
+        // the SQL portion is re-lexed in advanced mode so it picks up
+        // keyword / identifier / literal colours.
+        let theme = Theme::dark();
+        let line = OutputLine {
+            text: format!(
+                "{}{}",
+                crate::echo::TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL,
+                "CREATE TABLE T (id serial PRIMARY KEY)"
+            ),
+            kind: OutputKind::TeachingEcho,
+            mode_at_submission: Mode::Advanced,
+            styled_runs: None,
+        };
+        let rendered = render_output_line(&line, &theme);
+        // [system] tag, then the dim prefix, then ≥1 SQL spans.
+        assert!(rendered.spans.len() >= 3, "tag + prefix + sql: {:?}", rendered.spans);
+        assert_eq!(rendered.spans[0].content.as_ref(), "[system] ");
+        assert_eq!(rendered.spans[1].content.as_ref(), crate::echo::TEACHING_ECHO_LABEL);
+        assert_eq!(
+            rendered.spans[1].style.fg,
+            Some(theme.muted),
+            "prefix is dimmed (theme.muted)",
+        );
+        // At least one SQL span carries a keyword colour — `CREATE` is
+        // the leading keyword and gets `tok_keyword`. Pinning this
+        // also confirms the lexer ran in advanced mode (the bare
+        // `CREATE` keyword is only highlighted past the entry word in
+        // advanced — ADR-0030 §8).
+        let has_keyword_span = rendered
+            .spans
+            .iter()
+            .any(|s| s.style.fg == Some(theme.tok_keyword));
+        assert!(
+            has_keyword_span,
+            "expected at least one keyword-coloured SQL span: {:?}",
+            rendered.spans
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn category_three_prose_line_renders_all_dim() {
+        // ADR-0038 §6: the existing illuminating client_side notes and
+        // the new --dont-convert caveat are de-emphasised prose. A
+        // styled-runs payload with a single Hint span over the whole
+        // text yields one dim body span (plus the [system] tag).
+        let theme = Theme::dark();
+        let text = "[client-side] 5 row(s) were transformed".to_string();
+        let line = OutputLine::styled(
+            text.clone(),
+            OutputKind::System,
+            Mode::Advanced,
+            vec![OutputSpan {
+                byte_range: (0, text.len()),
+                class: OutputStyleClass::Hint,
+            }],
+        );
+        let rendered = render_output_line(&line, &theme);
+        assert_eq!(rendered.spans.len(), 2, "tag + one Hint span");
+        assert_eq!(rendered.spans[0].content.as_ref(), "[system] ");
+        assert_eq!(rendered.spans[1].content.as_ref(), text.as_str());
+        assert_eq!(
+            rendered.spans[1].style.fg,
+            Some(theme.muted),
+            "the whole prose line is dim",
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn candidate_line_colours_mixed_mode_continuations() {
         // ADR-0035 §4i (e): when a shared entry word's completions mix